Myself the Writer Essay

  One of the reasons why I love writing is because it is my desire to progress in writing through setting more achievable objectives, building on novel ideas, in addition to developing new skills. Through writing I am able to advance my knowledge on a variety of subjects. Every time I write I am able to learn something new. I take writing as a way through which I can express my feeling. However, writing is a challenging task due to the fact that it calls for extra caution. There are many rules and regulations that surround writing. Some of these rules limit the extent to which one can express himself in writing (Elbow p, 12). There are various challenges that I come across in the process of writing that tend to slow me down. Finding the right words is the hardest of these challenges. Sometimes it is very hard to find the most appropriate words to make my writing sound the way I would like. Writing can also be a boring as well as demoralizing task when a writer fails to get the necessary information (Elbow p, 26). Trying to figure out the words that will follow the work I have already completed is the other challenge that I face as a writer. Lack of knowledge concerning a particular topic is the other challenge I face as a writer. Along with lack of knowledge, lack of information from various sources is the other factor that negatively impacts on my writing. Writer’s block is the other challenge that I face in writing. However, I have learned that in order to overcome writer’s block I need to put down what is in my head. Work Cited: Elbow P. , (edn 2), (1998). Writing with power: techniques for mastering the writing process, ISBN 0195120175: Oxford University Press US

Retribution Theology

God delivered the children of Israel out of the Egyptian’s abusive hands and gave them the Ten Commandments. These rules were given to live by and form an everlasting relationship with their God. But, if they failed to keep their end of the bargain, God would have to punish them. Retribution theology is the belief that those who are obedient to God are called righteous and will be blessed, while those that are disobedient are wicked and will be cursed (Tullock 2006). From the beginning of Exodus and beyond the Babylonian Exile, retribution theology was prevalent in the lives of Israel. The Old Testament writings reiterate God’s faithfulness towards Israel. â€Å"The Old Testament indicates that God’s law was specially revealed to Israel in the context of His redeeming and delivering His people from bondage,† (Bahnsen 1980). But before Moses, God established an unconditional covenant with Abram when he obeyed Him. God changed Abram’s name to Abraham and told him that his descendants would possess the land of Canaan forever. â€Å"I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you, and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. † (Genesis 12:2, NRSV). These descendants became known as Israel and after 500 years of being God’s chosen people, they became the slaves of the Egyptians. Since God is faithful and Israel was His people, He had to remove them from the oppression of Pharaoh. In a theophany, God appeared to Moses in a burning bush and commissioned him to deliver the children of Israel. Once God freed them and provided them an escape route, under the leadership of Moses, He endowed them with the law and His blessings. â€Å"Now therefore, if you obey my voice and keep my covenant, you shall be my treasured possession out of all the peoples. (Exodus 19:5, NRSV). After freeing them, God provided them with the means for remaining freed and receiving His provisions. In spite of their deliverance, the Israelites’ problems did not end with their exodus from Egypt. They suffered many trials and tribulations, but from the hand of the God who had promised to bless them (Deffinbaugh 1976). Because of their murmuring, com plaining, and unbelief, God allowed Israel to walk around in the wilderness for forty years. This was literally only a three day journey. In addition, God never intended for Israel to have to fight their way into the Promised Land; He wanted them to have faith and obey Him. Again, because of their disobedience, God allowed them to suffer the consequences of sin. God called Israel to be righteous before Him. Righteousness was what the people were to be and to do because of God. It meant to be in the right relationship with God, and to act accordingly in the world based on that moral relationship. He blessed Israel out of His love and cursed out of His righteousness or holiness (Deffinbaugh 1976). To be righteous was to have the teaching of God in one’s heart, to know and to understand the things of God. While the term could be used to describe ethical actions in the world, the primary focus of righteousness was toward God, what the people were in relation to God. Righteousness was the people’s relationship to God based on the fact, that â€Å"I am your God. † Therefore, God felt that He had every right to curse them when they were disobedient to His covenant. The first commandment God gave Israel was to have no other gods before Him because He was the one true God. Clearly, God knew and acknowledged that there were other gods or objects the people in that time worshipped. But He had proven to the Hebrew people that He was their deliverer, provider, and their God. The second commandment said not to make for themselves any type of idol, that God was jealous, and that He showed mercy to those that loved Him and kept His commandments. Now, He revealed His nature and how He was to be honored. It was only right, just and honorable that they worshipped and obeyed Him. There did not seem to be any secrets or mysteries on what God expected from Israel. But, Israel just could not stop worshipping idols. They continued to worship Baal, the god of sun, rain, thunder, fertility, and agriculture despite the prophets’ warnings. Many prophets such as Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Amos, and Micah warned Israel of their wickedness and the consequences. When Israel became a nation, God’s law of righteousness did not change. He still expected them to obey His word. God’s national blessings and cursings were conditional as well. If a nation repented of its sin and turned to God, its threatened judgment could be prevented. If a nation turned from God, its promised blessings would be taken away. Many forms of divine retribution can fall on a human life which is worse than immediate death. In fact, Jeremiah made just such a complaint about the punishment inflicted on Jerusalem (Lam. 4:6, 9). One might think also of King Saul, whose last days were burdened with such mental and emotional turmoil that death itself was a kind of release. 10:30-31. No one should regard such a warning as an idle threat. God Himself has claimed the right to take vengeance and to judge His people. In saying this, the author quoted twice from Deuteronomy (32:35-36), a chapter which most vividly evokes the picture of God’s people suffering His retributive judgments (cf. esp. Deut. 32:19-27). Those familiar with this text, as well as other descriptions of God’s wrath against â€Å"His people,† agree: it is a dreadful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. Not only did God operate in that manner of retribution theology, but Israel believed that if you obeyed the law, you would prosper. If you didn’t obey the law, you would suffer.

Night World : Soulmate Chapter 14

Stay here,† Rashel said sharply, but Hannah ran with the rest of them toward the front of the house. She could hear a ferocious snarling and barking outside-a very familiar sort of sound. Nilsson and the other CIA guys were running around. They looked grim and efficient, moving fast but not frantically. Hannah realized that they knew how to do this sort of thing. She didn't see Lupe. The snarling outside got louder, building to a volley of short barks. There was a yelp-and then a scrambling noise. After a moment of silence there came a sound that lifted the hair on Hannah's forearms-a wild and eerie and beautiful sound. A wolf howling. Two other wolf voices joined the first, chording, rising and falling, interweaving with each other. Hannah found herself gasping, her entire skin shivering. Then there was one long sustained note and it was over. â€Å"Wow,† the tiny blond called Gillian whispered. Hannah rubbed her bare arms hard. The front door opened. Hannah felt herself looking toward the ground, but nothing four-legged came in. Instead it was Lupe and two guys, all disheveled, flushed, and grinning. â€Å"It was just some scouts,† Lupe said. â€Å"We ran them off.† â€Å"Scouts from Maya?† Hannah said, feeling a tightness in her stomach. It really was true, then. Maya was trying to storm the house to get to her. Lupe nodded. â€Å"It'll be okay,† she said almost gently. â€Å"But I think all of you better stay inside today. You can watch movies or play games in the game room.† Hannah spent the day talking with the Circle Daybreak members. The more she found out about them, the more she liked them. Only one thing made her uncomfortable. They all seemed to defer to her-as if, somehow, they expected her to be wiser or better because of her former lifetimes. It was embarrassing, because she knew she wasn't. She tried to keep her mind off Thierry†¦ and Maya. But it wasn't easy. That night she found herself walking restlessly through the house. She wound up in a little anteroom on the second floor that looked down on the enormous living room. â€Å"Can't relax?† The lazy murmur came from behind her. Hannah turned to see Ash, his lanky elegant body propped against a wall. His eyes looked silver in the dimly lit room. â€Å"Not really,† Hannah admitted. â€Å"I just wish they'd find Thierry. I've got a bad feeling about it.† They stood for a moment in silence. Then Ash said, â€Å"Yeah, it's hard to be without your soulmate. Once you've found them, I mean.† Hannah looked at him, intrigued. The way he said that†¦ She spoke hesitantly. â€Å"This morning Thea said you were all here because you had human soulmates.† He looked across the room at French doors that led to a balcony. â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"And-well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Maybe she's dead, Hannah thought suddenly. Maybe I shouldn't ask. â€Å"And you want to know where mine is,† Ash said. â€Å"I didn't mean to pry.† â€Å"No. It's okay.† Ash looked out at the darkness beyond the French doors again. â€Å"She's waiting-I hope. I've got some things to put right before I see her.† He didn't seem scary anymore, no matter how his eyes changed. He seemed-vulnerable. â€Å"I'm sure she is waiting,† Hannah said. â€Å"And I'll bet she'll be glad to see you when you've put things right.† She added quietly, â€Å"I know I'll be glad to see Thierry.† He glanced at her, startled, then smiled. He had a very nice smile. â€Å"That's true, you've been in her shoes, haven't you? And Thierry's certainly tried to make up for his past. I mean, he's been doing good works for centuries. So maybe there's hope for me after all.† He said it almost mockingly, but Hannah caught an odd glistening in his eyes. â€Å"You're like her, you know,† he added abruptly. â€Å"Like my-like Mary-Lynnette. You're both†¦ wise.† Before Hannah could think of something to say to that, he nodded to her, straightened up, and went back into the hallway, whistling softly through his teeth. Hannah stood alone in the dim room. For some reason, she felt better suddenly. More optimistic about the future. I think I'll be able to sleep tonight. And tomorrow, maybe Thierry will be here. She clamped down hard on the rush of hope that filled her at the thought. Hope†¦ and concern. After all she'd said to him, she couldn't be absolutely sure how Thierry would receive her. What if he doesn't want me after all? Don't be silly. Don't think about it. Go outside and get a breath of air, and then go to bed. Later, of course, she realized just how stupid she had been. She should have known that getting a breath of fresh air only led to one thing in her life. But at the moment it seemed like a good idea. Lupe had warned her not to open any outside doors-but the French doors only led to a second-floor balcony overlooking the backyard. Hannah opened them and stepped out. Nice, she thought. The air was just cool enough to be pleasant. From here she could look across dark stretches of grass to flood-lit palm trees and softly splashing fountains. Although she couldn't see Thierry's people, she knew they were out there, stationed around the grounds, watching and waiting. Guarding her. It made her feel safe. Nothing can get to the house with them around it, she thought. I can sleep just fine. She was about to turn and go back inside when she heard the scratching. It came from above her. From the roof. She glanced up and got the shock of this particular lifetime. There was a bat hanging from the roof. A bat. A bat. A huge bat. Upside down. Its leathery black wings were wrapped around it and its small red eyes shone at her with reflected light. Wild thoughts tumbled through Hannah's mind, all in a fraction of an instant. Maybe it's a decoration†¦ no, idiot, it's alive. Maybe it's somebody to guard me. God, maybe it's Thierry†¦. But all the while, she knew. And when the instant of paralysis passed and she could command her body again, she sucked in a deep breath to scream an alarm. She never got the chance to make a sound. With a noise like an umbrella opening, the bat unfolded its wings suddenly, displaying an amazingly large span of black membrane. At the same moment something like sheet lightning seemed to hit Hannah, a blinding surge of pure mental energy. She saw stars, and then everything faded to darkness. Something hurt. My head, Hannah thought slowly. And my back. In fact, she hurt all over. And she was blind-or she had her eyes shut. She tried to open them and nothing changed. She could feel herself blinking, but she could only see one thing. Blackness. Utter, complete blackness. She realized then that she'd never seen real darkness before. In her bedroom at night there was always some diffused light showing at the top of her curtains. Even outdoors there was always moonlight or starlight, or if it were cloudy, the reflection of human lights, however faint. This was different. This was solid darkness. Hannah imagined she could feel it pressing against her face, weighing down on her body. And no matter how wide she opened her eyes or how fixedly she stared, she couldn't see even the slightest glimmer breaking it. I will not panic, she told herself. But it was hard. She was fighting an instinctive fear, hardwired into the brain since before the Stone Age. All humans panicked in complete blackness. Just breathe, she told herself firmly. Breathe. Okay. Now. You've got to get out of here. First things first. Are you hurt? She couldn't tell. She had to shut her eyes in order to sense her own body. As she did, she realized that she was sitting up, instinctively huddling into herself to keep safe from the darkness. Okay. I don't think you're hurt. Let's try standing up. Very slowly. That was when the real shock came. She couldn't stand up. She couldn't. She could move her arms and even her legs. But when she tried to lift her body, even to shift position slightly, something bit into her waist, keeping her immobile. With a crawling feeling of horror, Hannah put her hands to her waist and felt the rough texture of rope. I'm tied. I'm tied†¦. There was something hard against her back. A tree? Her hands flew to feel it. No, not a tree-too regular. Tall, but squarish. A post of some kind. The rope seemed to be wound many times around her waist, tightly enough that it constricted her breathing a little. It bound her securely to the post. And then it fastened above or far behind her somewhere-she couldn't find any knots with her fingers. It felt like very strong, very sturdy rope. Hannah knew without question that she wasn't going to be able to wiggle out of it or untie it. The post seemed very sturdy, too. The ground under Hannah was dirt and rock. I'm alone, she thought slowly. She could hear her own gasping breath. I'm all alone†¦ and I'm tied here in the dark. I can't move. I can't get away. Maya put me here. She left me to die all alone in the dark. For a while, then, Hannah simply lost control. She screamed for help and heard her voice echo oddly. She pulled and twisted at the rope with her fingers until her fingertips were raw. She threw her whole body from one side to the other, trying to loosen the rope or the post, until the pain in her waist made her stop. And finally she gave in to the galloping fear inside her and sobbed out loud. She had never, ever, felt so desolate and alone. In the end, though, she cried herself out. And when she'd gasped to a stop, she found that she could think a little. Listen, girl. You've got to get a grip. You've got to help yourself, because there's nobody else to do it. It wasn't the cool wind voice or even the crystal voice-because they were both just part of her now. It was Hannah's own mental voice. She had accepted all her past selves and their experiences, and in return she felt she could call on at least some of their wisdom. Okay, she thought grimly. No more crying. Think. What can you tell about your situation? I'm not out in the open. I know because there's no light at all and because of the way my voice echoed. I'm in a big†¦ room or something. It's got a high ceiling. And the floor is rock. Good. Okay, do you hear anything else? Hannah listened. It was hard to concentrate on the silence around her-it made her own breathing and heartbeat seem terrifyingly loud. She could feel her nerves stretch and fray†¦ but she held on, ignoring her own noises and trying to reach out into the darkness with her ears. Then she heard it. Very far away, a sound like a faucet dripping slowly. What the hell? I'm in a big black room with a rock floor and a leaky faucet. Shut up. Keep concentrating. What do you smell? Hannah sniffed. That didn't work, so she took long breaths through her nose, ignoring the pain as her midsection pressed against the rope. It's musty in here. Dank. It smells damp and cold. In fact, it was very cold. Her panic had kept her warm before, but now she realized that her fingers were icy and her arms and legs were stiff. Okay, so what have we got? I'm in a big black refrigerated room with a high ceiling and a stone floor. And it's musty and damp. A cellar? A cellar without windows? But she was just fooling herself. She knew. The skin of her face seemed to sense the pressure of tons of rock above her. Her ears told her that that musical dripping was water on rock, very far away. Her nose told her that she wasn't in any building. And her fingers could feel the natural irregularity of the ground underneath her. She didn't want to believe it. But the knowledge crowded in on her, inescapable. I'm in a cave. A cave or a cavern. Anyway, I'm inside the earth. God knows how deep inside. Deep enough and far enough that I can't see any light from an entrance or vent hole. Very deep inside, her heart told her. She was in the loneliest place in the world. And she was going to die here. Hannah had never had claustrophobia before. But now she couldn't help feeling that the mass of rock around and above her was trying to crush her. It could fall in at any minute, she thought. She felt a physical pressure, as if she were at the bottom of the ocean. She began to have trouble breathing. She had to get her mind off it. She refused to turn into that screaming, gibbering thing in the darkness again. Worse than the thought of dying was the thought of going insane down here. Think about Thierry. When he finds out you're missing he'll start looking for you. You know that. And he won't give up until he finds you. But I'll be dead by then, she thought involuntarily. This time, instead of fear, the idea of her death brought a strange poignant loneliness. Another life where I missed him, she thought. She blinked against tears suddenly. Oh, God. Great. It's so hard. So hard to keep hoping that someday it's going to work out. But I'll meet him again in my next life. And maybe I won't be so stupid then; I won't fall for Maya's tricks. It'll be harder for him, I guess. He'll have to wait and get through the years day by day. I'll just go to sleep and eventually wake up somewhere else. And then someday he'll come for me and I'll remember . . . and then we'll start all over. I really did try this time, Thierry. I did my best. I didn't mean to mess things up. Promise me you'll look for me again. Promise you'll find me. I promise I'll wait for you. No matter how long it takes. Hannah shut her eyes, leaning back against the post and almost unconsciously touching the ring he'd given her. Maybe next time she'd remember it. Suddenly she didn't feel sad or afraid anymore. Just very tired. Eyes still shut, she grinned weakly. I feel old. Like Mom's always complaining she feels. Ready to turn this old body in and get a new†¦ The thought broke off and disappeared. Was that a noise? Hannah found herself sitting up, leaning forward as far as the rope would allow, straining her ears. She thought she'd heard†¦ yes. There it was again. A solid echoing sound out in the darkness. It sounded like footsteps. And it was coming closer. Yes, yes. I'm rescued, I'm saved. Hannah's heart was pounding so hard that she could hardly breathe to yell. But at last, just as she saw a bobbing point of light in the blackness, she managed to get out a hoarse squawk. â€Å"Thierry? Hello? I'm over here!† The light kept coming toward her. She could hear the footsteps coming closer. And there was no answer. â€Å"Thierry†¦ ?† Her voice trailed off. Footsteps. The light was big now. It was a beam, a flashlight. Hannah blinked at it. Her heart was slowly sinking, until it seemed to reach stone. And then the flashlight was right in front of her. It shone in her face, dazzling her eyes. Another light snapped on, a small camping lantern. Vision rushed back to Hannah, sending information surging to her brain. But there was no happiness in it. Hannah's entire body was ice cold now, shivering. Because of course it wasn't Thierry. It was Maya. I hope I didn't disturb you,† Maya said. She put down the lantern and what looked like a black backpack. Then she stood with her hands on her hips and looked at Hannah. I will not cry. I won't give her the satisfaction, Hannah thought. â€Å"I didn't know vampires could really change into bats,† she said. Maya laughed. She looked beautiful in the pool of lantern light. Her long black hair fell in waves around her, hanging down her back to her hips. Her skin was milky-pale and her eyes looked dark and mysterious. Her laughing mouth was red. She was wearing designer jeans and high-heeled snakeskin boots. Funny, Hannah had never noticed any of Maya's clothes before. Usually the woman herself was so striking that it was impossible to focus on how she was dressed. â€Å"Not all vampires can shapeshift,† Maya said. â€Å"But, then, I'm not like other vampires. I'm the first, my darling. I'm the original. And I have to say I'm getting really sick of you.† The feeling is mutual, Hannah thought. She said, â€Å"Then why don't you leave me alone? Why don't you leave me and Thierry alone?† â€Å"Because, then, my sweetpea, I wouldn't win. And I have to win.† She looked at Hannah directly, her face oddly serious. â€Å"Don't you understand that yet?† she said softly. â€Å"I have to win-because I've given up too much to lose. It can't all be for nothing. So winning is all there is.†

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 'The role of Management Essay

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 'The role of Management Accountants at Tesco Plc' - Essay Example Accordingly, the study findings revealed that management accountants are imperative as decision makers to modern organizations and play a crucial role to ensure adequate organizational sustainability in the long run. In the present state, management accountants form an important facet of any organization. When concerning at the business environment currently persistent in the global platform, management accountants play an important role of providing useful information to the decision makers of the organisation, and thereby, facilitate alignment in the financial planning and its overall business goals (Accenture, 2011). Globalization has also been a major reason for the changing role of management accountants in the present organizational context. Nowadays, management accountants have also been bestowed with the responsibilities for analysing, preparing, interpreting the financial data as well as delivering information about the current strategic position of the organization. Every business planning and decision taken within an organisation is today related with financial matters, wherein financial stability is perceived as a key requirement towards ensuring long-run sustainability of the entity (CIMA, 2009). Evidently enough, the role played by management accountants has become more complex as compared to their initial functions within the organisational management domain. This particular factor can be better understood with the help of practical illustrations, taking example of an organisation. With this particular motif, the study has considered Tesco Plc as the organisation, and hence, reference will be drawn to identify the role of management accountants in the current phenomenon. Management accountants are often considered as the oxygen of financial department and the overall organisation. It is in this context that with the changes observed in the organizational working patterns, the role

LED lighting fixtures market of US Research Paper

LED lighting fixtures market of US - Research Paper Example Third basic benefit LED based light offers are increased life spam performance as compare to conventional lighting technologies. Well designed LED lights gives 50,000 to 100,000 hours of performance or more. Along with these basic benefits associated with LED. These features provides overall cost effectiveness and environmentally beneficial source of lighting (The Climate Group, 2012). 3. Customer Demographic and Market Demographic Lighting industry in US is second in row after China. US demand for s same is projected to increase by 7.5 percent annually amounting to $25.3 billion in 2016 (IES, 2012). This product is not entitled to cater people of certain age, state, sex etc. It is residential as well as commercial product designed for all cost sensitive segment, low income segment. These fixtures provide efficient source of lighting which is need of every house and office. 4. Reasons for Selecting China for Buying China has been selected as a destination for production as it provide s cost effective manufacturing. In year 2012 China has regarded growth of LED lighting industry for next five years as 7th emerging industry. Hence, China is providing considerable support to increase its LED production at local level. To gain this industry specific benefit combined with the low cost labor availability, it has been decided to establish setting in china for buying LED lighting fixtures from China manufacturing firms. 5. Entry Mode Selected It has been decided to enter Chinese market for buying LED lighting fixtures as third party contractors. This decision is based on the fact the currently China is supporting local production to meet its own demand. Chinese... LED lighting fixtures market of US Importing final product to US, share in US market will captured through distributors and retailers. 1. Product and Country Background LED lighting fixtures industry is among the fastest growing industries in world. When account for the Global demand for lighting fixtures, it is projected to jump high above at 6.9 percent annually to $153 billion through 2016 (Global Information, 2012). This rise in demand is contributed by three major sectors: construction, motor vehicles and machinery and commercial and residential consumers (gnom, 2012). ABC plans to introduce LED lighting fixtures for commercial and residential users. Image 1 (Smallwood, 2012) LED lighting fixtures to be sold in US will be imported from China. China has the highest demand for light fixtures and through 2016 it is expected to retain its top position by with additional 36 percent rise in demand.US follow is on second position with 18 percent share in rise in global sales (Tao, 2012). Penetration of LED lighting fixt ures in US and China with growth in future is given in image 2 and 3. High growth in demand in China and across world has resulted in an increased production of LED lighting fixtures in China with government supporting and subsidizing the industry to remain competitive (Hausken, 2011). To cater dumping issues, ABC Company, has initially developed business model based on low frill product, hence, providing product at status which is used to dump the market.

Role of Women in the Military Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role of Women in the Military - Essay Example During the First World War, many women served in the military as nurses and also offered other assigned support roles to the armies of various nations. However, the only nation that was acknowledged for using a large number of female fighter troops was Russia (Stone 155). One of the most famous martial camps was Cossack regiment, front-line light cavalry under the leadership of a woman. Maria Bochkareva, another famous and astounding female figure in the military, worked her way out to one of the most crucial military ranks as a senior NCO. Bochkareva was given the mandate to command the first unit in 1917 following the establishment of â€Å"Women’s Battalions† by the interim government (Stone 154-58). The women were expected to propagate war propaganda, which they never did well leading to their disbandment. Nonetheless, the women fought their war well, albeit propaganda delivery failed. Bochkareva would later recruit women infantry in Russian Civil War. The role play ed by women in both civil war and World War I still remains conspicuous and cannot be ignored. The Second World War occurred on global unprecedented scale, which created the necessity to mobilize the entire society to join war. This increased the chances of women participation in the military and they became important and indispensable part of national armies. During World War II, some women took to nursing roles while many others were engaged in clerical and support roles. In 1938, Britain created military roles for women besides a small group of women who had been serving in the British military as nurses. By 1941, many British women were enrolled in the army affiliate, Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) and later approved military status (Martel 253). Martel argues that â€Å"The National Service Act of December 1941 drafted 125,000 women into the military over the next three years while 430,000 more

The homework Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The homework Debate - Essay Example The article surveys the negative and positive aspects of homework. Sharryn Brownlee quotes that a punitive or tedious approach to homework limits the appropriateness of homework. The paramount reason not to subject those children to homework is that they require sufficient time to relax and take their thoughts of the classroom environment (Lindner, 2005, pp.67-76). The burden of having to complete homework every single night is quite overwhelming for most children. Consequently, they need adequate time to refresh their minds and bodies. In addition, homework tends to condense the available amount of time that children could be spending with their relatives. Kathy Walker, an early childhood expert, maintains that the superlative assignment in early years of school is having family time (Walker, 2007, pp.97-106). Walker further argues that playing together, enjoying books and talking together is better than piled up homework. Walker suggests that Family time is explicitly imperative to a growing child (Walker, 2007 pp.102-107). Absence or limited interaction with one’s family may lead to social problems that may eventually crop up. As a result, inadequate family time spending compromises the family unity. Thirdly, homework can source conflict and misunderstandings between students, teachers and parents. According to Kidwell 2004, disagreements may arise when students fail to do their homework and hence to bring about strains in families (pp.126- 134). Alfie Kohn upholds that homework is total agony and no gain (Kohn, 2007 pp.123-129). In his manuscript The Homework Myth, Kohn contends that no study has invariably found an association between homework and academic accomplishment in school. Kohn asserts that there is a minute reason to believe that homework is essential in high school. Kohn maintains that homework may reduce interest in learning. According to Jongsma 2011, a lot of homework can inspire cheating because children end up copying one another

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 5

Economics - Essay Example Friedman’s main argument is that tax cuts and little or no intervention by the government in regulating private enterprise would help entrepreneurs to produce more at a lower cost. Thus consumers would benefit from plenty of cheaper goods. However conservative economics has acquired a newer dimension in that the absence of concern among conservative economists for environment related problems is changing for better. Karl Marx, the German political thinker, is better known for his ideological premises expressed in his treatise Das Kapital. Marxian economics is based on these thoughts, though most of his teachings are basically centered on the perpetual conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. His economic thoughts though aren’t substantial are concerned with how working classes are able to run the country’s economy with fair play and social justice. When all productive resources are controlled by the proletariat a comparative cost/benefit analysis is not possible. This paper takes the free market appraoch as the point of refernce for comparative analysis. Market forces, demand and supply, move in opposite directions with respect to price changes. When the price of a good is high the demand for it is less while the supply of it is greater. This is economic sense but nevertheless this positive economic statement about the predictable behavior of the consumer does not hold true when the demand patterns for Giffen and inferior goods are factored in. For instance when income, of the individual consumer, rises his demand for inferior goods such as potatoes, would rise. This is because the consumer’s purchasing power increases when his real income increases. Consumer sovereignty principle illustrates the fact that in a free market economy the consumer is free to consume what he wants. However, the consumer’s sovereignty does not have meaning if he/she is unable to buy what he/she wants. This paradox

Learning Experiences 1 (Personal Training) Essay

Learning Experiences 1 (Personal Training) - Essay Example Its insertion is olecranon process of ulna. Intended action is long head, and exercise is skull crushers. Fourth is Biceps Brachii. Origin is scapula. Its insertion is tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis. Intended action is flexion of elbow and dumbbell biceps curl as exercise. Fifth is Anterior Deltoid, with the origin as anterior lateral third of the clavicle. Insertion is deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus, intended action is abduction and flexion and exercise is dumbbell anterior deltoid raise. Sixth is Medial Deltoid. Origin is scapula, insertion is deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus, intended action is abduction of the shoulder joint, and exercise is dumbbell lateral raise. Seventh is Posterior Deltoid with the origin as scapula, insertion is deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus, intended action is abduction, extension and rotation while exercise is dumbbell posterior deltoid raise (Alcamo & Bergdahl, 2003, p.68). The eighth muscle is Trapezius, origin is the base of skull, insertion is the base of the scapular spine, intended action is elevation and depression, exercise is barbell shrugs. The ninth is Rectus Abdominis, origin is superior surface of pubis, insertion is costal cartilages, and intended action is depresses ribs, and exercise is crunches. Tenth is the External Oblique, origin is ribs, insertion is linear alba and iliac crest, intended action is flexes and depresses ribs, exercise is standing side twists. Eleventh is Gluteus Maximus, origin is illium and sacrum, insertion is the oblique ridge of the greater trochanter, intended action is the extension and rotation of hip, exercise is standing. Twelfth muscle involves Rectus Femoris, origin is anterior iliac spine of the illeum, insertion is patella, intended action is the flexion of hip, and exercise is leg extensions. The thirteen is the Biceps Femoris, origin is ischial tuberosity, insertion is lateral condoyle of tibia, intende d action is flexion

Strategy and change management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategy and change management - Essay Example Therefore, several leading airlines have decided to merge with each other in order to reduce several business threats. Delta Airlines, Inc. and Northwest Airline Corp. in 2008 have proclaimed that they are going to merge with each other in order to create world’s largest airline named Delta. . Due to merger, the flexibility to acclimatize to the economic challenges of Delta has increased. After the merger, Northwest Airline is the completely owned subsidiary of Delta. According to the market characteristic theory of low-cost airlines, it is feasible that low-cost airlines usually compete in such a market where the traveller density is high enough to develop the competitive advantages by offering rapid-return and time to time services. Lower fares usually results from the economies of traffic density. This type of economies of scale is one of the key features in the airline network model. Such strategic actions also bring certain non-price benefits also. Current trends towards the product differentiation seem to be one of the elements of competition. Due to such strategic actions the airline companies have increased incentive to correspond and improve customer service quality. Due to the economic down turn the company along with the whole airlines companies in Europe and America went through a tough phase. The competition has been intense regarding fares, services and routes. Also the company indulged in to a legal battle with the union airlines. A problem faced by the company has been the over dependence on the North-American market Merger and acquisition in airline industry is one of the interesting topics within the industry. The airline industry has experienced high disorder due to high operational cost and increasing price of petrol (Hackbarth and Miao, 2007, p.33). The study will reveal the effect of merger on the business performance of two leading airlines

Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay Example for Free

Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay In Singer’s article Famine, Affluence, and Morality, his main goal is to get the point across that there are people in the developing world that are starving and have a lack of healthcare and the lack of shelters. He argues about how affluent countries react to the issues like Bengal and the way they look at the moral issue surrounding it. He also argues that the way of life is taken for granted by affluence people. The first counter- argument in the article is â€Å"the view that numbers do make a difference† (Singer, 1971). It refers to if every affluent person would give 5 dollars to the Bengal Relief Fund that money would add up. Therefore, there is no reason to have to give more money than anyone else in the same position. Singer argues that this is based off a hypothetical situation. He, however, says in the article that there is no way for that work since no one would give more than 5 dollars then there would not be enough money to provide food, shelter, and medical care. He says by giving more than 5 dollars he will be able to end more suffering. The second counter argument people do not judge the way Singer suggested they should. Many people tend to keep their judgments to themselves unless they go overboard, step out bounds, and break some type of moral code. The example that Singer uses is taking someone else’s property. Most people tend not to look bad on owning expensive items instead of giving to people less fortunate. Singer’s response to this argument is, â€Å"unless that principle is rejected, or the arguments are shown to be unsound, I think the conclusion must stand however strange it appears. It might, nevertheless, be interesting to consider why our society, and most other societies, do judge differently from the way I have suggested they should. † (Singer, 1972) At what point do people draw the line at what should be done and what is good but not mandatory. Singer brings up a point that, â€Å"In a society which held that no man should have more than enough while others have less than they need. † (Utilitarian Philosophers, NDG) Many people are influenced by the people around them. If people are giving less than people around them are likely to give less, but if people give more than people around him are likely to give more. The third counter argument is the difference between duty and charity. The argument is that in some utilitarian theory that everyone should work full time to increase happiness over misery. Meaning that, if people work more, are paid more money than people would not be as miserable, many people say money cannot buy happiness. Singer’s reaction to this counter- argument is that, â€Å"we ought to be preventing as much suffering as we can without sacrificing something else of comparable moral importance. † (Utilitarian Philosophers, NDG) Singer defines marginal utility as the level at which giving more would result in suffering in his dependents or himself. The meaning of this is that one would limit their material possessions to less than nothing. He further explains that he proposed a more moderate version of marginal utility, â€Å"that we should prevent bad occurrences unless, to do so, we had to sacrifice something morally significant, for one might hold that to reduce oneself and ones family to this level is to cause something significantly bad to happen. (Singer, 1972) It relates to his arguments because he insists that we need to limit our material possessions to that of the Bengal refugees. Singer compares the distinction between duty and charity as not an easy line to draw. However Singer gives an example as this, â€Å"The charitable man may be praised, but the man who is not charitable is not condemned. When we buy new clothes not to keep ourselves, warm but to look well-dressed we are not providing for any important need. We would not be sacrificing anything significant if we were to continue to wear our old clothes, and give the money to famine relief. By doing so, we would be preventing another person from starving. † (Singer, 1972) In other words, instead of buying expensive worthless stuff for yourself giving the extra money would benefit more people and make it more charitable; however, you do not give the extra money to charity you are not looked at any differently. I do agree with some parts of his article, however, I disagree with most of it. First, I think that his article come off with a major attitude in my mind. He does however make some good points like the way he talks about how some people are influenced by the people around them. Another good point that he made is it should not matter how far the distance is wither they are in the same area as you are thousands of miles away. I do not agree with how he insinuates that the richer you are the more you should give. I believe that a person should give as much as he or she wants. I also believe that a person giving charity should not be held at a higher pedestal then someone that is not able to give to charity.

Companies for Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Companies for Social Responsibility Essay Whether made in business, politics, science, or sports, most decisions are judged as either right or wrong, ethical or unethical. Regardless of what an individual believes about a particular action, if society judges it to be unethical or wrong, whether correctly or not, that judgment directly affects the organizations ability to achieve its business goals. For this reason alone, it is important to understand business ethics and recognize ethical issues. Ð «ocial responsibility, an organizations obligation to maximize its positive impact on stakeholders and to minimize its negative impact. Philosophers increased their involvement, applying ethical theory and philosophical analysis to structure the discipline of business ethics. Companies became more concerned Bowie contends that when a business also cares about the well-being of stakeholders, it earns trust and cooperation that ultimately reduce costs and increase productivity.24 Much evidence shows that social responsibility, including business ethics, is associated with increased profits The opportunity that employees have for unethical behavior in an organization can be eliminated through formal codes, policies, and rules that are adequately enforced by management. For example, financial companies Company Q is a small local grocery store chain located in a major metropolitan area. They have recently closed a couple of stores in higher-crime-rate areas of the city, reportedly because these two stores were consistently losing money. After years of requests from customers, all of their stores have started offering a very limited amount of health-conscience and organic products—all of which were high margin items. When asked by the area’s food bank for donation of day-old products, management declined deciding instead to throw the food away, citing worries over lost revenues due to possible fraud and stealing by employees who might say they are donating the food. Company Q is a small local grocery store chain. Unfortunately company Q is having a hard time with the idea of social responsibity, which in turn is hurting their business. Let’s first look at the definition of corporate social responsibility. This is a term that means a company big or small tries to maximize its positive impact on, investors, customers and on the community. Now let’s look at why Company Q is low on the evaluate scale of social responsibility. Company Q has three areas that could use some improvements, in the regards to social responsibility. The first one is the donation of the day old products to the community food banks. The community will look bad on the company for just throwing the day-old products out. And there is a way of placing rules and regulations on the employees so the company is not losing profits and having to deal with fraud. The second one is that the company has taken years to respond to their customers asking for health conscience and organic products. And then after finally getting some health option the store only offers limited amounts. Because the company took a long time to respond to their customers need. The consumer thinks that the company really does not care too much on what they need or think. The third one is losing their two stores in a high-crime area that was reportedly losing money. Having two abandoned store does not give the company a good look, it shows stockholders that the company cannot flourish and survive. And also the company’s reputation with their consumers starts to go down, and less people will go to their stores. By seeing just these three areas of company Q’s ethics it is clear that the company is not seeing the big picture on being social responsibly. The company is on the low end of leaving a positive impact on its customers, investor and their community. The company is not responding to the consumers’ needs and wants, in a timely manner and when they do, it is a low end response. The consumer will go somewhere else, and in turn the company will lose money. The community will see that the company does not even try to help to make the area a better place to live. Then what happen are the leaders of the community talk with the people around them about the company and more consumer stop shopping at their stores. If the company help with some charities in the area that the stores are in might get a little bit better and the crime would go down. And finally not looking in to the reasons or trying to find solution on the stores that were having troubles. Evaluate Company Q’s current attitude toward social responsibility. 1. Recommend three areas that could be improved regarding the company’s attitude toward social responsibility. TABLE 2–2 Fortunes Best and Worst Companies for Social Responsibility Best Companies Worst Companies 1.International Paper 2.United Parcel Service 3.Starbucks 4.Fortune Brands 5.Walt Disney 6.McDonalds 7.Medco Health Solutions 8.Herman Miller 9.Weyerhaeuser 10.Union Pacific 1.Constellation Brands 2.WellCare Health Plans 3.Sears Holding* 3.Dana* 5.Federal-Mogul 6.Beazer Homes USA* 6.SC Holdco 3 (Swift Co.)* 8.Dollar General 9.Brown-Forman 10.Delphi There are four levels of social responsibility—economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic—and they can be viewed as steps (see Figure 2–3).34 At the most basic level, companies have an economic responsibility to be profitable so that they can provide a return on investment to their owners and investors, create jobs for the community, and contribute goods and services to the economy. Of course, businesses are also expected to obey all laws and regulations. Business ethics, as previously defined, comprises principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business. Finally, philanthropic responsibility refers to activities that are not required of businesses but promote human welfare or goodwill. Ethics, then, is one dimension of social responsibility. Reputation is one of an organizations greatest intangible assets with tangible value. The value of a positive reputation is difficult to quantify, but it is very important. A single negative incident can influence perceptions of a corporations image and reputation instantly and for years afterwards. Corporate reputation, image, and brands are more important than ever and are among the most critical aspects of sustaining relationships with constituents including investors, customers, financial analysts, media, and government watchdogs. It takes companies decades to build a great corporate governance. Accountability refers to how closely workplace decisions are aligned with a firms stated strategic direction and its compliance with ethical and legal considerations. Oversight provides a system of checks and balances that limit employees and managers opportunities to deviate from policies and strategies and that prevent unethical and illegal activities. Control is the process of auditing and improving organizational decisions and actions. The stakeholder model of corporate governance adopts a broader view of the purpose of business. Although a company has a responsibility for economic success and viability to satisfy its stockholders, it also must answer to other stakeholders, including employees, suppliers, government regulators, communities, and special interest groups with which it interacts. Due to limited resources, companies must determine which of their stakeholders are primary. Once the primary groups have been identified, managers must then implement the appropriate corporate governance mechanisms to promote the development of long-term relationships.47 This approach entails creating governance systems that consider stakeholder welfare in tandem with corporate needs and interests. The opportunity that employees have for unethical behavior in an organization can be eliminated through formal codes, policies, and rules that are adequately enforced by management. For example, financial companies Thesis Paper Outline Format I. Introduction: In this section, give the reader an idea of why your paper will be important and/or interesting, what you will be arguing, and make the organization of the paper clear to the reader. a. Explanation of purpose and background information (optional): Explain why this topic needs to be written about (may require some background on the topic) b. Thesis statement: A basic statement of your position; your answer to your research question c. Expanded thesis statement: A brief listing of the major points that you will make in your paper, in the order in which you will make them II. Arguments: Each of your main arguments can either argue a point that supports your position, or argue against something you believe is wrong. This is a lengthy paper, so ideally you will have more than three arguments to make. You should make as many as you can. Organize your arguments to flow from one to the next or, ideally, to put your strongest arguments first and last. d. Argument 1 i. Supporting evidence (author, pg. or para. #) ii. More supporting evidence! (author, pg. or para. #) iii. Even more supporting evidence!! (author, pg. or para. #) e. Argument 2 iv. Supporting evidence (author, pg. or para. #) v. More supporting evidence! (author, pg. or para. #) vi. Even more supporting evidence!! (author, pg. or para. #) f. Argument 3 vii. Supporting evidence (author, pg. or para. #) viii. More supporting evidence! (author, pg. or para. #) ix. Even more supporting evidence!! (author, pg. or para. #) III. Conclusion: This section of your paper should summarize and look to the future. g. Acknowledge the opposing side of the argument h. Re-emphasize your own argument by summarizing the main points that you made i. Draw final conclusions about the strength of your position Fictional Outline for a Thesis with Parenthetical Citation in MLA Format I. Introduction a. Background i. The number of flavors of ice cream produced by major companies has quadrupled over the past decade (â€Å"Consumer Choice† 25). ii. People debate which flavor is the best. b. Thesis: High-quality vanilla ice cream remains the best ice cream flavor on the market. c. Expanded thesis: People will continue to enjoy vanilla ice cream more than any other flavor for its simplicity, versatility, and its cultural significance. II. Argument d. Vanilla ice cream is the best because it is simple, yet never boring. iii. Vanilla ice cream can be made with only four ingredients (Breyers 6). iv. In her new book Rachel Ray argues, â€Å"The flavor of vanilla is a simple, yet classic one that goes well with any meal!!!† (43). v. Despite the simplicity of vanilla ice cream, it comes in many different varieties, such as French Vanilla, Vanilla Bean, and other delicious variations (â€Å"Edy’s Ice Cream† par. 6). e. Vanilla ice cream is better than any other flavor because it is versatile. vi. Vanilla can be eaten plain, but also goes well with many different toppings. vii. Vanilla is the most popular base flavor for Blizzards at Dairy Queen (McBurty 56). viii. Vanilla is easily made into a milkshake as well as eaten plain, which is not the case with a flavor like cookie dough (dangerous when sucked through a straw!) (McKay 73). f. Vanilla ice cream has significance in American culture. ix. Chef Julia Child has written, â€Å"Vanilla ice cream is one food that bridges generations. I share it with my children and grandchildren each summer† (16). x. Classic American movies like Back to the Future and Anne of Green Gables have prominently featured vanilla ice cream (â€Å"Ice Cream in the Movies† par. 8). xi. American presidents have served vanilla ice cream at the White House for over 200 years (Clinton 8). xii. Research has found that more Americans prefer vanilla ice cream than any other flavor (â€Å"Gallup Poll† par. 3). III. Conclusion g. Although chocolate is a close second, vanilla reigns supreme. h. Nothing can beat vanilla ice cream’s simplicity, versatility, and cultural significance. i. In the future, others will attempt to beat it. j. Try as they might, no manufacturer can come up with a way to top classic vanilla.

A Study On The Khmer Rouge History Essay

A Study On The Khmer Rouge History Essay In Cambodia about 1.5 million people were killed in the mid 1970s. The Khmer Rouge were responsible for all the action that took place during that time. The Khmer Rouge believed in communism. They wanted everyone to be equal. The Khmer Rouge was led by Pol Pot and his brothers. The Khmer Rouge ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979. According to the Wikipedia article 1/5 of the countrys total population (estimates range from 850,000 to 2.5 million) under its regime, through execution, torture, starvation and forced labor (Wikipedia Khmer Rouge[1]). Also According to the same article, The leaders were mostly from middle class families and had been educated at French universities (Wikipedia Khmer Rouge[2]). The Khmer Rouges idea of communism was bad for the country of Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge relocated people, put all of the people in Cambodia to work as farmers in labor camp and changed the lifestyle of the country. The Khmer Rouge made the people work hard labor, killed a lot of people, and they brainwashed the country telling by them that communism was good for them. The Khmer Rouge took over Cambodia in 1975 and put all the people to work in hard labor and changed the way of life. Pol Pot led the Khmer Rouge. When they took over Cambodia they closed down everything and relocated people. For example in the Khmer Rouge article the author writes, New people driving them in all directions from the capital and other cities. It forcibly settled townspeople among the rural base peopleand put them in agricultural labor camps without wages, right, or free time (Khmer Rouge[3]). This shows that the Cambodians did not have any rights when the Khmer Rouge was ruling. This is important because the Khmer Rouge wanted everyone to work on farms and enslaved the people. The Khmer Rouge let many Cambodians die from starvations and the Khmer Rouge executed people. For example, in the article Khmer Rouge, it says, by the early 1979 approximately 650,000 people, or one quarter of the new Khmer died from execution, starvation overwork, disease, and denial of medical care (Khmer Rouge[4]). This shows that the Khmer Rouge had a lot of power and they could do anything to the people. This is important because the Khmer Rouge didnt care about the people. The Khmer Rouge wanted everyone to be poor and have no society. According to the Wikipedia article, The Khmer Rouge attempted to turn Cambodia into a classless society by depopulating cities and forcing the urban population into agricultural communes. The entire population was forced to become farmers in labor camp (Wikipedia Khmer Rouge[5]). This shows that everyone had to work in the farms and everyone have the same job. This is important because the Khmer Rouge wanted to have a low class society and everyone has to be the same as one another. Having a classless society was important to Pol Pot. He did not want people to become rich. He feared that people with money would be able to gain power. So, Pol Pot decided to abolish the currency system, which made it impossible to become rich. Furthermore, he took the land away from the people and did not allow anyone to own land. The people of Cambodia had nothing. While the people had nothing, the Khmer Rouge had power and they had full control of the country. They could force people to do things and they could change the lifestyle of Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge killed a lot of people. The Khmer Rouge killed those who were not pure Cambodian. For example in the Khmer Rouge article it says they killed ethic Vietnamese, ethnic Chinese, ethic Thai, Cambodian christens, Muslims, and Buddhist monks (Wikipedia Khmer Rouge[6]). This shows that the Khmer Rouge didnt want to have a mixed race Cambodians. This is important because the Khmer Rouge wanted one race pure Cambodians. This was similar to Hitler when he killed all the Jews. Pol Pot and his followers executed and tortured anyone who was not pure Cambodians. He shot them in the head, he cut off their arms, he tore their eyeballs out, and beheaded many non pure Cambodians. He did this because he believed that they were not worthy to be human beings. He devalued them and treated them worse than animals. Pol Pot and his followers were filled with hate and anger. The Khmer Rouge also killed educated people. For example, in the Khmer Rouge article it says they killed professional and intellectual in practice this included almost everyone with an education (Wikipedia Khmer Rouge[7]). This shows that the Khmer Rouge didnt want educated people around. This is important because they might form a group and tell everyone that communism is bad then everyone going to be against it. Pol Pot and his followers didnt want the people of Cambodia to be educated. They were afraid that if the people were educated, they would be harder to control. They didnt want the people of Cambodia to resist what they were doing. The Khmer Rouge believed that the best way to control the people is by keeping them uneducated and ignorant and to use force with anyone that showed resistance. The Khmer Rouge also killed people who were against communism and the Khmer Rouge didnt want capitalism in Cambodia. Pol Pot did not want a free market in his country. They wanted agriculture and farming as a way to bring the country of Cambodia to prominence. He did not want Cambodia to have any western influence. Because the previous government had affiliations with France, anyone with ties to the previous government were killed. For example in the same article it says they killed anyone with connections to the former government or with foreign governments (Wikipedia Khmer Rouge[8]). This shows that the Khmer Rouge didnt want to have any connection with other government. This is important because the Khmer Rouge want to have control of the country. Therefore while Khmer Rouge was in power they killed all non-pure Cambodians, forced people into agriculture, killed people with an education, took away land and they didnt want anyone the have connection with the government. The Khmer Rouge believed in communism. According to the definition in Wikipedia, communism is a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general (Wikipedia Communism[9]). This is important because the people of Cambodia believed that the Khmer Rouge would bring a classless society to the country. Furthermore, the people of Cambodia believed that every citizen in Cambodia would participate in the decisions making process in both political in economic spheres of life. However, the Khmer rouge had a different agenda. The Khmer Rouge was able to get the support of the Cambodian people based on the vision of a classless society that allows every Cambodian citizen to participate in the decisions making process both politically and economically. However, when the Khmer Rouge got into power, their actions were far from what the y promised for the people of Cambodia. They brainwashed the people and told them that communism is good for the country. Communism is people who want everyone in the country to be the same and equal. They want everyone to have the same job and same everything. The Khmer Rouge told the people everyone gets paid the same or they might not get paid at all, everyone have access to heath care, public assistance and everyone goes to the same school. The Khmer Rouge made it sound good for the people and the Cambodians thought they were going to have those things and all the benefit. But the Khmer Rouge didnt deliver the promise they made to the people. The Khmer Rouge separated families killed people, put them to work hard on the farms, and tortured people. Some people argued that it was beneficial to have the Khmer Rouge in control of the government and country of Cambodia. The Khmer Rouges leadership provided independence from France and loosened the control from other countries. The people of Cambodia believed that if they were independent from other countries they would have peace in their country and they will not have war. Furthermore, the supporters of the Khmer Rouge believe they could be a prosperous and financially independent country. Therefore, According to An Independent Cambodia article, They broke diplomatic and trade ties with virtually all countries and launched a program to achieve self sufficiency through rice production as the great kingdoms of Angkor had done(An independent Cambodia[10]). This is important because the Khmer Rouge wanted to bring independence and freedom to Cambodia. Therefore the Khmer Rouge wanted Cambodia to be independent from the other countries and they wanted the people of Cambodia to live fr ee healthy and prosperous lives. However, the Khmer Rouge brought pain and stress for the people of Cambodia. There were no benefits for having the Khmer Rouge in the country. They killed people, took away any rights, and they put the people to work as slaves. Although Cambodia had independence from other countries, the people of Cambodia continued to suffer. The people were forced to work on rice field up to 18 hours per day. The workers were rarely fed and were not paid any wages. Furthermore, many people were executed, tortured, and force to separate from love ones. The Khmer Rouge brought destruction, pain, and did not provide the freedom and prosperity it promised its citizens. The Khmer Rouges leadership and idea of Communism was bad for the country of Cambodia. It brought nothing but bad things to the country. The Khmer Rouge put people to work hard labor. Many people worked in the rice field. They worked like slaves and they didnt get paid. Furthermore, they didnt have any freedom; they did not have a choice. They were forced to work on rice fields against their will. If they didnt comply, they were executed, tortured, or beaten badly. The Khmer Rouge relocated people and separated families and forced them to work at different places. The Khmer Rouge killed a lot of people. The Khmer Rouge wanted all the Cambodian to be pure meaning that they didnt want to have mixed racist they only wanted everyone to be one race and they killed educated people. The Khmer Rouge brainwashed people saying that communism is good for the countries but that really didnt happen. Instead the Khmer Rouge put the Cambodians in labor camps and killing people. The Khmer Rouges rei gn in Cambodia was a horrific time period for many Cambodians. Wikipedia Khmer Rouge pg7 Wikipedia Khmer Rouge pg7 Khmer Rouge Khmer Rouge pg4 Wikipedia Khmer Rouge pg8 Wikipedia Khmer Rouge pg9 Wikipedia Khmer Rouge pg9 Wikipedia Khmer Rouge pg9 Wikipedia Communism pg1 An independent Cambodia pg4

Edgar Allen Poe :: essays research papers

EDGAR ALLEN POE BIOGRAPHY Edgar Allen Poe was born in 1809 in Boston. His stories were about love and sadness. He died when he was 40 years old in 1849. People said that they found him unconscious and believed him drunk. He was an excellent writer that kept people fascinated with stories. He died as he lived all his life was miserable and with out hope. It believed that he uses a drug named opium that helped him use his imagination and he uses alcohol. Those were his inspirations and his story's that were so fabulous come from there. These things were making him crazy and took him out of control. A thing that made him even more crazy is that everyone he had ever met or loved always semmed to have died from a disease called tuberculosis. This made him very depressive also. He was born to very poor family. His father was an actor that barley buy meat to eat. He was a little boy when his father abandoned him and their brothers. After that his mother got sick and few months later she died. He went to live with wealthy rich people but his father didn't want to adopt him. His father was a businessman and decided to move to England there he went to school to Manner House School. In 1820 he returned to Virginia but he couldn't afford it and decide left school. He fall in love with a neighbor her name was Elmira, but her father didn't want to accept their relationship. His stepfather criticized him about his story saying that they were workless and he decided to leave his house. He went to a military service but he realized that he like more poems than to be in the military service. He often wrote letters to Elmira unknowing that her father received the letters. She married a rich man and become a rich woman. He became heart broken and he began to write love poems. He was living with his real father, sister, muddy and her daughter. After that he married muddy's daughter at the age of 27 she was 13 years old. She became sick of tuberculosis and died at the age of 24. He didn't know how to support the family because the poems didn't give him enough money.

Pablo Neruda Essay -- Poet Poetry

"The ‘Fickle’ One"? On his birthday in July of 1954, Pablo Neruda confessed to the University of Chile that "it is worthwhile to have struggled and sung, it is worthwhile to have lived because I have loved" (Neruda 331). In nearly all of his works, Neruda attests to the simplicity, valor, and importance of love, whether for country, "common things," or another human being. Throughout South America, he was known as "un poeta del pueblo," a poet of the people, and his talent for composing such passionate verses propelled him to Nobel Laureate status. In a collection published in 1972, he exemplifies his mastery of language by entwining his own passionate love life with an admiration for nature, producing realistic, yet mystical expressions of devotion. In "The Fickle One," the author creates a paradox confirming that the persona’s sincere affection transcends the physical attraction and lust by which he initially appears imprisoned. Furthermore, Neruda presents an opposition by dividing the poem in to parallel halves, demanding that even the receptive reader peruse the poem more than once to discern the genuine meaning of the experience that the text conveys. Neruda, with much attention to detail and manipulation of language, demonstrates the persona’s inability to control his human, sexual nature, causing the reader to disapprove of him. By stating, "My eyes went away from me," he conjures a persona with eyes that are disconnected from the rest of his body, as though they are a separate entity, acting against the will of the brain, bones, and heart. Seemingly, he desires all the females that pass by him. He gazes longingly at each woman while absorbing all their physical details, corroborating the notion that the only qualitie... ...eruda accentuates the persona’s eternal faithfulness to the third female. The persona, though he may be fickle in his thoughts and cravings, is steadfast in this fidelity. In fact, the persona’s unflinching integrity lends irony to the title of the poem. His flaws are those of the common man, yet he proves the maturity of his affection by honestly admitting his shortcomings. His true love is the paramount interest in his life, and it is through the characterization of the persona in "The Fickle One" that Neruda demonstrates that the struggle that is love makes life worthwhile. Works Cited Neruda, Pablo. "The Fickle One." Discovering Literature: Stories, Poems, and Plays. 2nd edition. Eds. Hans P. Guth and Gabriele L. Rico. Upper Saddle River: Blair Press, 1997. 735-6. Neruda, Pablo. Passions and Impressions. New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 1984.

Use of Medium & Elements :: Drama

Use of Medium & Elements During performing scenes from A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen. We used two different types of Styles. Naturalistic and Non Naturalistic. We worked in groups on each style. Naturalistic is a form of drama which is realistic. Not many strategies can be used doing this form. Non Naturalistic drama can contain many explorative strategies, such as, Hot seating, Still image, and thought tracking. The first style we worked on was Non Naturalistic. We chose to the scene where Krogstad confronted Nora. We made Krogstad two people to try and show Krogstad's power over Nora. We alternated the lines between two actors. (Use of spoken language) Krogstad was wrapped in a big black blanket to represent a black hole that Nora had fallen into. A hole of lies and deceit, towards Torvald. Nora was dressed in white to represent her innocence that she thought she had. We used these colours for symbolism in this production. This is a drama medium. Using symbolism showed me how different art forms react with other art forms. (E.g. colour and script) The script changed for me from then on. The white and black was a contrast that is widely used in the world. White is used for angels black is used for hell. White is used for a wedding black is used for a funeral. White is day. Black is night. People are scared of the night but never the day. During this scene we used space wisely. Nora moved backwards as Krogstad moved forwards. Using movement Krogstad would fly the black blanket around over Nora head trying to suck her under it. Nora would back away though trying to resist the dark side. (The outside of the house). Towards the end of scene where Krogstad dominates Nora and gets the truth out of her They exchanged blanket. Nora is now wrapped in black, which symbolises the outside world and the lies and deceit. It shows the viewer that Nora has no way of escaping what she has done. Using Non- Naturalistic drama to produce a scene from A Dolls House helped me understand the script a bit more. It certainly helped me figure out how scary the outside world was for Nora and Torvald. The symbolism in the blankets were a great help also in portraying how Nora had lied and it had caught up with her. Carrying the black blanket did help me imagine what the outside world must be like for the Helmer household. Holding the blanket and moving it closer to Nora who was a big sheet of white pure innocence felt quite evil yet

Plantar Fasciitis As Foot Complaint Health And Social Care Essay

Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common pes ailments. It has been estimated that it affects about one in 10 people at some clip in their life ( Crawford, Atkins, Edwards 2003 ) . Planter Fasciitis is the most occurring diseases in this modern universe. Plantar fasciitis is really common among people. Around 1 in 10 people will acquire plantar fasciitis at some clip in their life. It is most common in people between the ages of 40 to 60 old ages. However, it can happen at any age. It is twice every bit common in adult females as work forces. It is besides common in jocks. ( beginning at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.patient.co.uk/health/Plantar-Fasciitis.htm ) . Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of infracalcaneal hurting and histories for 11 % to 15 % of all pes ailments that require professional intervention ( Buchbinder 2004 ) . It occurs in about 10 % of people who run on a regular basis. Incidence of this status peaks between the ages of 40 and 60 old ages ( Buch binder 2004 ) , ( Wearing, Smeathers, Urry et al.2006 ) . It is a bilateral ailment in about one tierce of patients ( Buchbinder 2004 ) . Plantar fasciitis is non gender specific and affects about 2 million of the American population per twelvemonth ( Irving, Cook, Menz 2006 ) . The upset is thought to be multifactorial in beginning with factors such as fleshiness, inordinate periods of weightbearing activity and decreased ankle scope of gesture normally suggested to be involved ( Riddle, Pulisic, Pidcoe, Johnson 2003 ) . A broad assortment of direction schemes have been developed to handle the upset. A systematic reappraisal ( Crawford, Thomson 2003 ) identified 26 different conservative interventions that have been recommended for the intervention of plantar heel hurting. Merely heel tablets, orthoses, steroid injections, dark splints and extracorporeal daze wave therapy have been evaluated in randomized tests. Foot orthoses are a common intervention for plantar heel hurting, neve rtheless due to the fabrication procedure, they frequently require a period of a few hebdomads between the initial audience and publishing the devices. As such, short-run interventions such as supportive taping are used to relieve symptoms during this interim period ( Martin JE, Hosch, Goforth, Murff, Lynch, Odom 2001 ) – the low-Dye ( Dye 1939 ) taping technique being one of the most often used. Foot taping, such as low-dye tape, alters the mechanical map of the pes, diminishing emphasis on the plantar facia and later bring forthing symptom alleviation ( Saxelby, Betts, Bygrave 1997 ) . Most research to day of the month has examined the mechanical effects of the tape on the lower limb. Merely one survey done by Saxelby, Betts, Bygrave in 1997 has evaluated the symptom alleviation offered by low-dye tape, but it had little Numberss of participants and did non include a control group. Those tapes which extended up the leg were known as ‘High-Dye ‘ , while those in the pes were named ‘Low-Dye ‘ . It has been used in the direction of an array of pes pathologies, particularly plantar fasciitis, and its effectivity has been discussed by several workers ( Newell1977, Miller 1977, Subotnick 1975, Van Pelt 1989 ) , although to day of the month grounds has tended to be anecdotal. Taping as an intercession or as portion of an intercession for the intervention of plantar fasciitis has been used for at least 70 old ages ( Dye 1939 ) . A systematic reappraisal measuring the efficaciousness of such intervention schemes has non been found. Therefore, it was considered relevant to reexamine the literature. The purpose of this reappraisal will be to see the effectivity of low dye taping in plantar fasciitis. Background: Harmonizing to Haung 1993, the plantar facia is the major construction that supports and maintains the arched alliance of the pes. This aponeurosis maps as a â€Å" bowstring † to keep up the longitudinal arch. Plantar fasciitis develops when insistent weight-bearing emphasis irritates and inflames the tough conjunction tissues along the underside of the pes. The plantation owner facia is a midst, hempen set of connective tissue. Its beginning is the median plantar tubercle of the calcaneum. It runs along the length of the sole of the pes like a fan, being attached at its other terminal to the base of each of the toes. It is a tough, resilient construction that has a figure of critical maps during running and walking: It stabilizes the metatarsal articulations during impact with the land. It acts as a daze absorber for the full leg. It forms the longitudinal arch of the pes and helps to raise the arch to fix it for the ‘take-off ‘ stage of the pace rhythm. The plan tar facia helps keep the complex arch system of the pes and dramas function in one ‘s balance and the assorted stages of pace. The plantar facia consists of a multilayered hempen aponeurosis ( Kwong, Kay, Voner, & A ; White, 1988 ) that originates from the median tubercle of the heelbone.The plantar facia is composed of three major sets, the sidelong, cardinal, and median. The cardinal set is the strongest and thickest. The median and sidelong sets cover the bottom of the kidnapper hallucis and kidnapper digiti minimi musculuss, severally. The fibres of the cardinal set separate into 5 faux pass near the degree of the metatarsal caputs and so attach to the proximal phalanx via the plantar home base of each metatarsophalangeal articulation ( Schepsis, Leach, & A ; Gorzyca, 1991 ) . Injury of this tissue, called as a plantar fasciitis, is one of the most hard to decide. Plantar fasciitis is a localised infl ammatory status of the plantar aponeurosis of the pes and is reported to be the most common cause of inferior heel hurting ( Schepsis, Leach, & A ; Gorzyca, 1991 ) . Plantar fasciitis represents the 4th most common hurt to the lower limb and represent 8 – 10 % of all showing hurts to athleticss clinics. Rehabilitation can be long and frustrating procedure. The usage of forestalling exercising and early acknowledgment of danger signals are critical in the turning away of this hurt. Plantar fasciitis refers to an redness of the plantar facia. The redness in the tissue consequences in some type of hurt to the plantar facia. Typically plantar fasciitis ults from repeated injury to the tissue where it attaches to the heelbone. Harmonizing to souza Plantar fasciitis by and large presents as â€Å" a crisp heel hurting that radiates along the underside of th e interior of the pes. The hurting is frequently worse when acquiring out of bed in the forenoon. Plantar fasciitis is a painful status of the subcalcaneal facet of the pes ensuing from redness or contracture of the deep facia of the sole with or without calcaneal goad. Plantar fasciitis has been used synonymously with the undermentioned footings: Painful heel syndrome Subcalcaneal bursitis Subcalcaneal hurting Runner ‘s heel Medial arch sprain Harmonizing to Baxter, Plantar fasciitis can happen in smugglers or other jocks who repetitively land on the pes. Plantar fasciitis is an overuse hurt whose incidence histories for 10 % of all running hurts ( Am J Sports Med 1991 ) . Another susceptible group is middle-aged people who spend much clip on their pess. More seldom, the facia becomes inflamed after a individual traumatic event, such as landing incorrect after a leap or running a long hill. The huge bulk ( 95 per centum ) will react to conservative attention and non necessitate surgery. Proper intervention is necessary, nevertheless, to let for continued engagement in athleticss and day-to-day activities, and to avoid chronic harm. Hazard factors: Participants in athleticss that involve some grade of running and jumping, e.g. hoops, tennis, step-aerobics, dancing. Non-athletic people who spend much of each twenty-four hours on their pess. It may look in person who all of a sudden becomes more active after a period of comparative inaction. Runing on difficult land increases the hazard, as does an addition in hill preparation. Worn out trainers increase hazard as they lose their daze soaking up belongingss. Fleshiness increases hazard. There is increased emphasis placed through the facia. Other mechanical hazard factors include level pess ( foots planus ) and holding a high arch ( foots cavus ) . Pregnancy is associated with a impermanent and physiological addition in weight. Hormones besides cause relaxation of ligaments, predisposing to level pess. There may be an association with human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) B27 associated spondyloarthropathiesres. History: Harmonizing to Bergmann, Heel hurting with the first few stairss in the forenoon and after a period of remainder is the authoritative symptom of plantar fasciitis. The hurting improves with activity but recurs after drawn-out weight bearing, frequently at the terminal of the twenty-four hours. Normally, the hurting is felt in the forepart and underside of the heel, but as the definition of â€Å" plantar fasciitis † indicates, it can be felt in any part of the underside of the pes where the facia is located. Often, patients report that the hurting is preponderantly in the heel but radiates to the arch. If heel hurting is non present, the diagnosing of plantar fasciitis must be questioned. It is of import to find whether the patient ‘s symptoms are acute or chronic. The acute oncoming of symptoms may propose a calcaneal emphasis break, although this hurt besides may be insidious in oncoming. A history of injury could propose an acute plantar facia tear or rupture. Careful history pickings may propose a ground for the oncoming of hurting, which may include recent weight addition or unusual activity, such as get downing a walking or exercising plan or drawn-out standing. Amis and associates found that 70 % of patients who have plantar fasciitis are corpulent. Ailments of combustion and prickling in the pess or heel or both suggest tarsal tunnel syndrome, compaction of the Baxter nervus, peripheral neuropathy, or sciatica. Assorted intercessions used for plantar fasciitis: In general, plantar fasciitis is a self-limiting status. Unfortunately, the clip until declaration is frequently six to 18 months, which can take to frustration for patients and doctors. Rest was cited by 25 per centum of patients with plantar fasciitis in one survey as the intervention that worked best ( Wolgin, Cook, Mauldin, Graham 1994 ) . It is every bit of import to rectify the jobs that place persons at hazard for plantar fasciitis, such as increased sum of weight-bearing activity, increased strength of activity, difficult walking/running surfaces and worn places. Early acknowledgment and intervention normally lead to a shorter class of intervention every bit good as increased chance of success with conservative intervention steps ( Martin, Irrgang, Conti 1998, Reid 1992 ) . Assorted intervention schemes, including orthoses ( Kwong et al. 1988, Gross et Al. 1984, Goulet et Al. 2002, Lynch et Al. 1988 ) , stretching ( Probe et al. 1999, Powell et Al. 1998, DiGiovanni et Al. 2003, Chandler et Al. 1993, Barry et Al. 2002 ) , taping ( Lynch et al. 1988, Scranton et al. 1982 ) , extracorporeal daze moving ridge therapy ( Boddeker et al. 2001, Buchbinder et Al. 2002 ) , laser therapy ( Basford et al. 1998 ) and drug therapy in the signifier of systemic medicine ( Probe et al. 1999 ) , transdermal injection ( Cunnane et al. 1996, Kamel et Al. 2000, Kane et Al. 1998 ) and topical application ( Gudeman et al. 1997, Japour et Al. 1999 ) have been investigated and have shown variable clinical benefit. Taping can be done in many methods but i am more interested in low-dye tape as it is widely used and so i will be discoursing about that technique in item. LOW-DYE Tape: Low-Dye tape is designed to off-load the plantar facia. It is a short term intervention and its off-loading effects vary from patient to patient. However, as a general regulation leave the tape on for a upper limit of 3 yearss, but some might happen it needs to be replaced more often in order remain effectual. If at anytime the tape is uncomfortable, irritates, causes rubing or pins and acerate leafs it should be removed instantly. The tape required is a 1 inch Zn oxide ( stiff strapping ) , most chemist should stock it. Another topographic point to entree it is from www.simplyfeet.co.uk, look under strapping and for Leukoplast ( 2.5cm ) , its costs about ?2.70p per axial rotation ( which should last for 3-4 applications ) How to use the tape 1. The first tape is applied down the outer and interior boundary line of the pes, repetition 3-4 times. Apply adequate tenseness to avoid the tape wrinkling, it needs to be no tighter. 2. The 2nd tape is applied across the bottom of the foot-starting degree with the mortise joint, use the tape across the pes from the exterior to the interior. Over lap the each strap somewhat and maintain traveling until merely before making the ball of the pes. 3. The concluding tape is a procuring tape-apply a piece of tape across the midfoot, at about where the 2nd taping terminals, apply across the top of the pes, but do non encircle the whole pes, as this will be excessively tight. 4. Initially the tape will experience somewhat tight, but this should ease, if it feels uncomfortable at all-remove instantly. Effectss of Low-Dye tape: Offers support for the median longitudinal arch and reduces pronation ( inward peal of the pes ) . Can be used for any status affected by inordinate pronation – Plantar fasciitis, Tibialis Posterior Tendonopathy/Dysfunction, Sinus tarsi syndrome. Literature reappraisal: PF is considered a self-limiting status. However, the typical declaration clip is anyplace from 6-18 months, sometimes longer ( Young, Rutherford, Niedfeldt 2001 ) which can take to defeat on both the portion of the doctor and patient. Most experts agree that early acknowledgment and intervention of PF leads to a shorter class of intervention and greater chance of success with conservative therapies ( Singh, Angel, Bcntk, Trevino 1997 ) . Of the many intervention options available for PF. one of the most effectual is besides the most cardinal – remainder and turning away of worsening activity provides important alleviation. One survey cited remainder as the intervention that worked best for 25percent of PF patients ( Wolgin M. Cook C. Graham C, Mauldin D 1994 ) . Martin et Al. 2001 compared usage orthoses, nonprescription arch supports, and tenseness dark splints in the intervention of plantar fasciitis. Lynch et Al. compared anti-inflammatory therapy, accommodating therapy an d mechanical therapy in the intervention of plantar fasciitis. There are many conservative interventions that are employed to pull off this syndrome. Scientists at the University of Bridgeport Chiropractic College in Calgary, Alberta, conducted an thorough reappraisal of the literature from 1980 to March 2005 on the direction of plantar fasciitis. They concluded that due to legion methodological defects, none of the 15 randomised controlled tests showed once and for all which conservative intervention mode was best for plantar fasciitis ( JCCA ) . Contrast baths ‘ , in which the application of cold and heat to an injured country is alternated, are popularly believed to cut down hydrops ( tissue swelling ) and alleviate uncomfortableness following an hurt ( Sullivan and Anderson 2000 ) . Care of the Young Athlete American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. A spiller of the scientific literature on this subject utilizing Medline exposed merely two articles in this country, and one of the articles was anecdotal in nature, with no strict, controlled testing of the efficaciousness of contrast baths. The other journal article described research carried out at the University of North Carolina in which 30 topics with post-acute sprained mortise joints were assigned to either a cold ( n = 10 ) , heat ( n = 10 ) , or contrast-bath ( n = 10 ) intervention group ( ‘Comparison of Three Treatment Procedures for Minimizing Ankle Sprain Swelling ‘ , Physical Therapy, Vol 68 ( 7 ) , pp1072-1076, 1988 ) . Volumetric measurings of the topics ‘ mortise joints were made in a specially constructed armored combat vehicle, before and after intervention. An addition in the sum of hydrops was really observed with all three interventions, but cold application was associated with the least measure of swelling ; contrast baths were no better than the direct application of heat when it came to commanding swelling. This survey is slightly flawed, since there were no co ntrol persons with whom the individuals using the assorted interventions could be compared. However, the research suggests that there is nil peculiarly advantageous about contrast baths ( particularly when compared with the application of nil but cold ) in the intervention of sprained mortise joints or hydrops in general. Interestingly plenty, there besides does non look to be a individual survey in the scientific literature associating contrast baths with quicker recovery from hurt or with a important lessening in hurting associated with an hurt. Compression is thought to be utile in this stage through tape of the pes. However, while common pattern, there were no surveies found to back up or rebut this claim. But still many researches are being done on utilizing taping presents. Scherer and the Biomechanics Graduate Research Group for 1998 performed a prospective survey in which they treated 73 patients with 118 painful heels with tape, nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs, injections, and stiff orthoses ( 98 % received these orthoses ) . The survey showed that, within 6 hebdomads, about 84 % of the patients had at least 80 % alleviation of symptoms. This survey besides identified a subgroup of 43 heels ( 27patients ) that received merely mechanical therapy with taping or orthoses. Of this group, 90 % had more than 80 % alleviation of symptoms. The writer concluded that mechanical control of midtarsal articulation was the most successful intervention mode for plantar fasciitis. In the recovery stage of rehabilitation, the end is to cut down emphasis on the plantar facia ( J M. ) . Orthotic shoe inserts are thought to supply emphasis alleviation and back up the plantar facia, but a reappraisal of several surveies found them to be inconclusive and contradictory due to methodology, little survey size, or deficiency of long-run followup. There are many conservative interventions which can give better alleviation such as: Frost: Ice massage for over 15 proceedingss for three times a twenty-four hours can give better consequences and diminish the redness. Stretching Heel lifts Supportive places Weight loss Taping Orthotics: Devicess such as gum elastic heel cups, elastic heel inserts can supply alleviation for plantar fasciitis. Night splints: Splints can supply alleviate from plantar fasciitis, but it normally takes more than 12 hebdomads. In an effort to measure the effects of ‘Low-Dye ‘ taping on the pes, eight patients ( nine pess ) with plantar fasciitis were studied utilizing the pedobarograph to look into alterations in pace forms. In add-on, patients completed a questionnaire to measure symptom betterment. Significant alterations between the unfilmed and taped pes were found in regard of force per unit area degrees, countries under the force per unit area clip curves and temporal parametric quantities. The questionnaire revealed subjective betterments in symptoms in eight out of the nine pess studied ( Saxelby, Betts and Bygrave 2004 ) . This article reveals that taping technique can better pace to some extent. The best manner to forestall plantar fasciitis is to understate your hazard factors. Follow the guidelines outlined above for choosing suited and well-constructed places. Progress preparation agendas suitably and work in new environments easy. Keep your calf musculuss strong. Although plantar fasciitis is a prevalent job, small scientific grounds exists refering the most appropriate intercession ( Crawford, Atkins, Edwards 2002 ) . In the book by Rose Macdonald ( 2009 ) , named â€Å" Pocketbook of Taping Techniques By Rose Macdonald † , Functional tape is now recognised as a accomplishment which is indispensable for those involved in the intervention and rehabilitation of athleticss hurts and many other conditions such as musculus instabilities, unstable articulations and nervous control. It incorporates all the basic techniques vital to the pattern of good taping but besides includes chapters on new evidence-based processs written by experts from around the universe. To assistance in the development of these techniques, this pocketbook demonstrates many new methods which may be used as indicated or modified to accommodate the clinical state of affairs. The Key Features in the book are Structured by organic structure part with highly-illustrated descriptions of relevant taping techniques Covers all facets of functional taping New techniques to change musculus activity and proprioception based on scientific grounds. Handy, portable size for easy mention in the field The footing for a systematic reappraisal: Harmonizing to Altmann ( 1999 ) , Systematic reappraisals, in health care, have been described as supplying nonsubjective overviews of all the grounds presently available on a peculiar subject of involvement. Such overviews cover clinical tests in order to set up where effects of health care are consistent and where they may change. This is achieved through the usage of explicit, systematic methods aimed at restricting systematic mistake ( prejudice ) and cut downing the opportunity of consequence ( Higgins and Green 2006 ) . Methodology: Systematic literature reappraisals are a method of doing sense of big organic structures of information, and a agency of lending to the replies to inquiries about what works and what does not- and many other types of inquiry excessively ( Petticrew and Roberts 2006 ) . They are a method of mapping out countries of uncertainness, and placing where small or no relevant research has been done, but where new surveies are needed. Systematic reappraisals are literature reappraisals that adhere closely to a set of scientific methods that explicitly aim to restrict systematic mistake ( prejudice ) , chiefly by trying to place, appraise and synthesise all relevant surveies in order to reply a peculiar inquiry. Definition of systematic reappraisal: A reappraisal that strives to comprehensive identify, appraise, and synthesise all the relevant surveies on a given subject. Systematic reappraisals are frequently used to prove merely a individual hypothesis, or a series of related hypotheses ( Petticrew and Roberts 2006 ) . Systematic reappraisals provide information about the effectivity of intercessions by placing, measuring, and summarizing the consequences of otherwise unwieldy measures of research ( Light and Pillemer 1984, Mulrow 1994 ) . A reappraisal of the grounds on a clearly formulated inquiry that uses systematic and expressed methods to place, choose and critically measure relevant primary research, and to pull out and analyze informations from the surveies that are included in the reappraisal. Statistical methods ( meta-analysis ) may or may non be used. Systematic reappraisals are defined, harmonizing to the Cochrane coaction, as scientific literature reviews aimed at replying clearly formulated inquiries by usage of systematic and expressed methods for identifying, selecting, and critically measuring relevant research, and for roll uping and analyzing informations from the literature included in the reappraisal ( The Cochrane coaction. During a systematic reappraisal, meta-analysis may be used as a statistical tool for analyzing and summarizing the consequences of the included surveies ( Green and Higgins 2005 ) . In order to carry through this map, a systematic reappraisal should: ( I ) present a synthesis of the acquired cognition sing one peculiar clinical inquiry derived from all relevant surveies that are identifiable at one point in clip, ( two ) identify the degree of internal cogency and the subsequent possible systematic mistake hazard associated with the acquired cognition and ( three ) provide recommendations for bettering any identified defect related to internal cogency, for farther research. Owing to go on farther research, systematic reappraisals should besides supply continued updates of their synthesis Quality appraisal: The procedure of measuring the methods and consequences of each survey is frequently referred to as critical assessment, and sometimes as â€Å" measuring survey quality † . In a systematic reappraisal, this exercising aims to find whether the survey is equal for replying the inquiry. Measuring survey quality ( Petticrew and Roberts 2006 ) is frequently used as a stenography to intend â€Å" internal cogency † – that is, the extent to which a survey is free from the chief methodological prejudices ( such as choice prejudice, response prejudice, abrasion prejudice, and observer prejudice ) . Critical assessment of the methodological quality of primary surveies is an indispensable characteristic of systematic reappraisals ( Juni, Altman and Matthias 2001 ) . As a consequence this chapter will see the quality of each of the included surveies through the procedure known as quality appraisal. Any identified reappraisals should be critically appraised for quality utilizing a checklist ( Greenhalgh 1997, Oxman and Guyatt 1988 ) . In general, a good reappraisal should concentrate on chiseled inquiries and the reappraisal methodological analysis should be geared towards obtaining a valid reply. The referees should do a significant attempt to seek for all the literature relevant to the inquiry. The standard for choosing or rejecting surveies should be appropriate so that the included surveies are utile in straight turn toing the inquiry. In add-on, the methodological criterion of these surveies should be high plenty to do the proviso of a valid reply more likely. The procedure of measuring survey relevancy and quality should be unbiased, consistent and transparent. If these procedures are non good documented, assurance in the consequences and illations of a reappraisal is weakened. The reappraisal should clearly expose the consequences of all included surveies foregrounding an y similarities or differences between surveies and research the grounds for any fluctuations. In visible radiation of these consequences, and sing the populations, intercessions and results covered by the reappraisal, it should be possible to do a opinion about the pertinence and value of the reappraisal ‘s findings. Systematic Review Procedure: Scoping reappraisal: A scoping reappraisal involves a hunt of the literature to find what kinds of surveies turn toing the systematic reappraisal inquiry have been carried out, where they are published, in which databases they have been indexed, what sorts of results they have assessed, and in which populations ( Petticrew and Roberts 2006 ) . It may include restricted hunts across a limited figure of cardinal databases, limited to a certain clip period, and possibly restricted by linguistic communication. This can assist be a reappraisal for the intent of pulling up a support proposal, and can assist with gauging how long it is likely to take, and what mix of accomplishments might be needed to transport it out. From the below systematic reappraisal on effectivity of low dye taping in the direction of plantar fasciitis we can see that one relevant survey has been found which involves effectivity of taping in the direction of plantar fasciitis but that differs from the current systematic reappraisal as it did non affect low dye taping which is the cardinal factor of the undergoing reappraisal and this reappraisal is based on lone effectivity of low dye taping and non taping in broader context. Study Selection Criteria: The purpose of survey choice is to place those articles that help to reply the inquiries being addressed by the reappraisal. It is of import that this choice of articles is free from prejudices, which occur when the determination to include or except certain surveies may be affected by pre-formed sentiments ( IOxman and Stachenko 1992, Slavin 1995, Goodman 1993, Clarke and Oxman 2000, Cooper and Ribble 1989, Oxman and Guyatt 1993 ) . It is indispensable that determinations about the inclusion or exclusion of surveies are made harmonizing to predetermined written standards stated in the protocol. Both inclusion and exclusion standards should follow logically from the reappraisal inquiry. If the reappraisal aims to reply a inquiry about effectivity, the inquiry can be framed utilizing a theoretical account called PICO-Population, intercession, comparing, result ( Booth and Fry-Smith 2005 ) . The reappraisal inquiry in this systematic reappraisal will be is low dye taping effectual in the direction of plantar fasciitis? Inclusion Standards: This involves the key points which will be involved while carry oning the systematic reappraisal. Population: Patients holding plantar fasciitis. Adults age 18 and supra. Study designs: Randomised controlled tests quasi-randomised controlled tests Controlled tests Intervention: Low -dye tape. Comparisons: No intervention Orthoses Injections Medicines Ultrasound Results: Primary results: Pain alleviation. Gait betterment Secondary results: Relieve force per unit area points. Reduce swelling if present. Exclusion Standards: This include the points which will be excluded while carry oning the systematic reappraisal. Population: Patients holding other heel strivings or any abnormalcy like limb length disagreement and disablement. And patients who do non come in big age group for illustration kids. Intervention: Other types of taping similar high dye taping and many more. Results: Merely surveies that meet all of the inclusion standards and none of the exclusion standards should be included in a reappraisal. The standards should be piloted to look into that they can be faithfully interpreted and that they classify the surveies suitably. As the inclusion standards finally determine which surveies will be included in the reappraisal, it is inevitable that argument and treatment will take topographic point as to how wide or narrow these standards should be. The pertinence of the consequences of the reappraisal may be reduced when standards are narrowly defined. Identifying the Relevant Literature: The purpose of the hunt is to bring forth as comprehensive a list as possible of primary surveies, both published and unpublished, which may be suited for replying the inquiries posed in the reappraisal ( Goodman 1993, Clarke and Oxman 2000, Counsell 1999 ) . Designation of relevant surveies by a thorough, indifferent hunt scheme is important. This is because the cogency of the reappraisal findings is straight related to the fullness of the hunt used to capture the relevant surveies. The thoroughness of the literature hunt is one factor that distinguishes systematic reappraisals from traditional reappraisals. It is besides of import to guarantee that the procedure of placing surveies is as thorough and indifferent as possible ( Easterbrook 1991 ) . There are many beginnings of information to see, but a hunt of electronic databases is frequently the chief starting point. Accoridng to Dickersin ( 1990 ) , Dickersin, Min and Meinert ( 1992 ) , a scope of cultural, academic, personal and editorial factors play a function in the publication or non-publication of research. As most of the esteemed diaries use English, there may be a inclination for the publication of studies in English by research workers whose first linguistic communication is non English to be linked to the significance of survey consequences ( Egger, Zellweger-Zahner, Schneider, Junker, Lengeler, and Antes 1997 ) . It is of import to be cognizant of the scope of possible prejudices ( Egger and Smith 1998 ) , and to utilize a assortment of hunt methods ( both computerised and manual ) to guarantee as comprehensive and unbiased a hunt as possible. Generating a hunt scheme: It should be clear from the reappraisal inquiry and from the inclusion/exclusion standards what types of surveies need to be identified. Effective searching is a accomplishment and it is extremely desirable to affect an information expert who can plan and put to death sensitive ( and perchance complex ) hunt schemes. Some cardinal beginnings of published and on-going reappraisals The Cochrane Library It has three databases of published and on-going systematic reappraisals: aˆ? The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews ( CDSR ) Contains the full text of on a regular basis updated systematic reappraisals of the effects of wellness attention carried out by the Cochrane Collaboration, plus protocols for reappraisals presently in readying. aˆ? Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness ( DARE ) Critical assessments of systematic reappraisals non published in the CDSR. These reappraisals are identified by regular searching of bibliographic databases, manus searching of cardinal major medical diaries, and by scanning gray literature. ( DARE is besides available free at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd ) aˆ? Health Technology Assessment ( HTA ) Database Abstractions of completed engineering appraisals and ongoing undertakings being conducted by members of the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment ( INAHTA ) and other health care engineering bureaus. ( The database is besides available free at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd ) Selected Internet sites and indexes ( concentrating on clinical effectivity ) aˆ? TRIP – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tripdatabase.com aˆ? Health services/technology appraisal text ( HSTAT ) – hypertext transfer protocol: //text.nlm.nih.gov/ aˆ? National Coordinating Centre for Health Technology Assessment – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hta.nhsweb.nhs.uk/ aˆ? ARIF assessments – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bham.ac.uk/arif/enqscomp.htm aˆ? NICE assessments – hypertext transfer protocol: //nice.org.uk/nice-web/cat.asp? c=153 aˆ? SIGN guidelines – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.show.scot.nhs.uk/sign/home.htm General databases aˆ? MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycLIT and others Research workers aˆ? Personal contact with experts in the field Research in advancement aˆ? National Research Register ( NRR ) – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.update-software.com/national/nrrframe. Html. The development of a hunt scheme is an iterative procedure: one effort will seldom bring forth the concluding scheme. Schemes are built up from: a series of test hunts ; treatments of the consequences of those hunts within the reappraisal squad ; and audience with experts in the field to guarantee that all possible relevant hunt footings are covered. Harmonizing to Petticrew and Roberts 2006, the properties of a hunt scheme can be described in footings of sensitiveness or callback ( ability to place relevant articles ) , and specificity or preciseness ( ability to except irrelevant articles ) . Searches with high sensitiveness tend to hold low specificity, in that a big proportion of articles they retrieve are non relevant to the inquiry posed. Sensitivity ( callback ) Sensitivity is the proportion of relevant articles identified by a hunt scheme expressed as a per centum of all relevant articles on a given subject. It is a step of the fullness of a hunt method, i.e. its ability to place all relevant articles on a given subject. Highly sensitive schemes tend to hold low degrees of preciseness and frailty versa. Specificity ( preciseness ) Preciseness is the proportion of relevant articles identified by a hunt scheme expressed as a per centum of all articles ( relevant and irrelevant ) identified by that method. It is a step of the ability of a hunt to except irrelevant articles. Searchs for relevant surveies can be undertaken ab initio utilizing electronic databases ( see below ) , but this alone is deficient. A thorough hunt will normally include hunts in a figure of beginnings of relevant literature. Beginnings of research grounds aˆ? Electronic bibliographic databases aˆ? Reference lists from relevant primary and reappraisal articles aˆ? Diaries, gray literature and conference proceedings aˆ? Research registries aˆ? Research workers and makers aˆ? The Internet. Constructing an effectual combination of hunt footings for seeking electronic databases requires a structured attack. One such attack involves interrupting down the reappraisal inquiry into ‘facets ‘ , such as population, intercessions, results and survey designs ( Counsell 1998 ) . The hunt term used for this systematic reappraisal were as follows: Low-dye taping Plantar fasciitis Management of plantar fasciitis Taping in Plantar fasciitis Effectiveness of taping in plantar fasciitis The group of hunt footings covering each aspect of the reappraisal inquiry should include a scope of textwords ( free text ) in the rubric and abstract of surveies every bit good as any available capable indexing footings that are assigned by the database manufacturer. The concluding hunt schemes will be developed by an iterative procedure in which groups of footings are used, possibly in several substitutions, to place the combination of footings that seems most sensitive in placing relevant surveies. This requires skilled version of hunt schemes based on a cognition of the capable country, the capable headers and the combination of ‘facets ‘ which best gaining control the subject ( Lowe and Barnett 1994 ) . One of import ‘facet ‘ of the hunt scheme can be the survey design ( s ) on which the reappraisal is concentrating, for illustration randomised controlled tests ( RCTs ) . To place published and unpublished RCTs and controlled tests, there are specialist aggregations such as the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register ( CCTR ) and research registries of ongoing tests such as Current Controlled Trials ( Current Controlled Trials Ltd. 2000 ) . Electronic databases: Electronic databases typically contain bibliographic inside informations and ( often ) abstracts of published stuff every bit good as thesaurus-derived indexing footings, which can be used to seek for relevant articles. There are many potentially utile databases and ushers to databases which can be consulted ( Lyon 1991, Armstrong 1993 ) . Some of import databases of research grounds: Medline Bibliographic records and abstracts of biomedical literature from 1966 onwards. EMBASE Records of biomedical literature from 1974 onwards. CINAHL ( Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature ) Records of literature on all facets of nursing and allied wellness subjects. PsycInfo Records of research in psychological science and related behavioural and societal scientific disciplines from 1967.Selected databases with a specific focal pointCCTR ( The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register ) Records of randomised controlled tests and controlled clinical tests in health care identified through the work of the Cochrane Collaboration including big Numberss of records from MEDLINE and EMBASE every bit good as much stuff non covered by these databases. NHS EED ( NHS Economic Evaluation Database ) Structured abstracts of economic ratings of wellness attention intercessions identified by regular searching of bibliographic databases, and manus searching of cardinal diaries. Conference Papers Index Records of conference presentations. Pedro: The physical therapy grounds database. General medical databases such as MEDLINE and EMBASE can be a helpful get downing point in developing a hunt scheme. These databases cover many of the same diaries and the extent of the convergence has been estimated to be about 34 % ( Smith, Darzins, Quinn and Heller 1992 ) .